IPv6 Core Protocols Implementation (Hardcover)

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IPv6 Core Protocols Implementation (Hardcover)

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Description

The authoritative reference text on KAME and IPv6!IPv6 was
introduced in 1994 and has been in development at the IETF for over 10 years.
It has now reached the deployment stage. KAME, the de-facto open-source
reference implementation of the IPv6 standards, played a significant role in
the acceptance and the adoption of the IPv6 technology. The adoption of KAME
by key companies in a wide spectrum of commercial products is a testimonial to
the success of the KAME project, which concluded not long ago. This
book is the first and the only one of its kind, which reveals all of the
details of the KAME IPv6 protocol stack, explaining exactly what every line of
code does and why it was designed that way. Through the dissection of both the
code and its design, the authors illustrate how IPv6 and its related protocols
have been interpreted and implemented from the specifications. This reference
will demystify those ambiguous areas in the standards, which are open to
interpretation and problematic in deployment, and presents solutions offered
by KAME in dealing with these implementation challenges.About the
AuthorsQing Li is a senior architect at Blue Coat Systems, Inc. leading
the design and development efforts of the next-generation IPv6 enabled secure
proxy appliances. Qing holds multiple US patents. Qing is a contributing
author of the book titled Handbook of Networked and Embedded Control Systems
published in June 2005. He is the author of the embedded systems development
book titled Real-Time Concepts for Embedded Systems published in April 2003.
Tatuya Jinmei Ph.D. is a research scientist at Corporate Research &
Development Center, Toshiba Corporation. He had been a core developer of the
KAME project since the launch of the project through its conclusion. In 2003,
he received the Ph.D. degree from Keio University, Japan, based on his work at
KAME. Keiichi Shima is a senior researcher at Internet Initiative Japan Inc.
He was a core developer of the KAME project from 2001 to the end of the
project and developed Mobile IPv6/NEMO Basic Support protocol stack. He is now
working on the new mobility stack (the SHISA stack) for BSD operating
systems.
 
Table of
Contents

Foreword Preface 1 Introduction1.1 Introduction 1.2
A Brief History of IPv6 and KAME 1.2.1 Commercial Success of KAME 1.3
Overview of the KAME Distribution 1.3.1 Source Tree Structure 1.3.2
Build Procedure 1.4 Overview of BSD Network Implementation1.5 Source
Code Narrations1.5.1 Typographical Conventions1.5.2 Sample Source Code
Description1.5.3 Preprocessor Variables1.5.4 Networking Device and
Architecture Assumptions 1.6 Mbufs and IPv61.6.1 Common Mbuf
Manipulation Macros and Functions 1.6.2 Mbuf Tagging1.6.3 Mbuf
Requirement for IPv61.6.4 Diagnosing Mbuf Chain2 IPv6
Addressing Architecture2.1 Introduction 2.2 IPv6 Addresses 2.3
Textual Representation of IPv6 Addresses 2.4 Address Scopes 2.4.1
Scope Zones 2.4.2 Zone Indices 2.4.3 Textual Representation of Scoped
Addresses 2.4.4 Deprecation of Unicast Site-local Addresses 2.5 IPv6
Address Format 2.5.1 Interface Identifier Generation 2.5.2 Notes about
Address Format 2.5.3 Multicast Address Format 2.6 Node Address
Requirements 2.7 IPv6 Address Space Management 2.8 Code Introduction
2.8.1 IPv6 Address Structures—in6_addr{} and sockaddr_in6{} 2.8.2
Macros and Variables2.9 Handling Scope Zones2.9.1 Initialization of
Scope Zones 2.9.2 Scope Zone IDs 2.9.3 Zone IDs in Address Structures
2.9.4 Scope-Related Utility Functions 2.10 Interface Address
Structures2.10.1 ifaddr{} and in6_ifaddr{} Structures 2.10.2
in6_ifreq{} and in6_aliasreq{} Structures2.10.3 Multicast Address
Structures 2.11 IPv6 Prefix Structure 2.12 Overview of Address
Manipulation Routines 2.13 Interface Initialization for IPv6 2.13.1
in6_if_up() Function 2.13.2 in6_ifattach() Function 2.13.3
in6_ifattach_loopback() Function 2.13.4 in6_ifattach_linklocal() Function
2.13.5 get_ifid() Function 2.13.6 get_hw_ifid() Function 2.13.7
get_rand_ifid() Function 2.13.8 in6if_do_dad() Function 2.14 IPv6
Interface Address Configuration 2.14.1 in6_control() Function 2.14.2
in6_update_ifa() Function 2.14.3 in6_joingroup() and in6_leavegroup()
Functions 2.14.4 in6_addmulti() and in6_delmulti()Functions 2.14.5
in6_ifinit() Function 2.14.6 in6_ifaddloop() and in6_ifloop_request()
Functions2.15 Deleting an IPv6 Address 2.15.1 in6_purgeaddr() Function
2.15.2 in6_ifremloop() Function 2.15.3 in6_unlink_ifa()
Function2.16 Operation with Address Configuration Utility3
Internet Protocol version 6 3.1 Introduction3.2 IPv6 Header
Format3.2.1 Comparison to the IPv4 Header3.3 IPv6 Extension
Headers3.3.1 Order of Extension Headers3.3.2 Hop-by-Hop Options
Header3.3.3 Destination Options Header3.3.4 Routing Header3.3.5
Fragment Header3.3.6 IPv6 Options3.4 Source Address Selection3.4.1
Default Address Selection3.4.2 Source Address Selection 3.4.3
Destination Address Selection 3.5 Code Introduction 3.5.1 Statistics
3.5.2 Header Structures 3.5.3 ip6protosw{} Structure 3.6 IPv6
Packet Address Information in Mbuf 3.6.1 ip6_setdstifaddr() Function
3.6.2 ip6_getdstifaddr() Function3.6.3 ip6_setpktaddrs() Function
3.6.4 ip6_getpktaddrs() Function 3.7 Input Processing: ip6_input()
Function 3.8 Processing Hop-by-Hop Options Header: ip6_hopopts_input()
Function 3.8.1 Processing Each Option: ip6_process_hopopts()Function
3.8.2 Processing Unknown Option: ip6_unknown_opt()Function3.9
Processing Destination Options Header: dest6_input() Function 3.10
Reassembling Fragmented Packets 3.10.1 Structures for Packet Reassembly
3.10.2 frag6_input()F unction 13.11 Processing Routing Header:
route6_input()Function 3.12 Forwarding: ip6_forward() Function 3.13
Output Processing 3.13.1 Source Address Selection—in6_selectsrc() Function
3.13.2 Route Selection: ip6_selectroute() Function 3.13.3 ip6_output()
Function 3.13.4 Make Extension Headers: ip6_copyexthdr()Function
3.13.5 Split Headers: ip6_splithdr() Function 3.13.6 Insert Jumbo
Payload Option: ip6_insert_jumboopt() Function 3.13.7 Fragmentation:
ip6_insertfraghdr() Function 3.13.8 Path MTU Determination:
ip6_getpmtu()Function 3.13.9 Multicast Loopback: ip6_mloopback()
Function4 Internet Control Message Protocol for IPv6 4.1
Introduction 4.2 ICMPv6 Message 4.2.1 Destination Unreachable Message
4.2.2 Packet Too Big Message 4.2.3 Time Exceeded Message 4.2.4
Parameter Problem Message 4.2.5 Echo Request Message4.2.6 Echo Reply
Message 4.2.7 ICMPv6 Message Processing Rules 4.3 Path MTU Discovery
Mechanism 4.4 Node Information Query 4.4.1 Node Information Message
Format 4.4.2 NOOP Query 4.4.3 Supported Qtypes Query 4.4.4 Node
Name Query 4.4.5 Node Addresses Query 4.4.6 IPv4 Addresses Query
4.5 Code Introduction 4.5.1 Statistics 4.5.2 ICMPv6 Header 4.6
ICMPv6 Input Processing 4.6.1 icmp6_input() Function 4.6.2 Notifying
Errors: icmp6_notify_error()Function 4.7 Path MTU Discovery Implementation
4.7.1 icmp6_mtudisc_update() Function 4.8 ICMPv6 Output Processing
4.8.1 Sending Error: icmp6_error() Function 4.8.2 Error Rate
Limitation: icmp6_ratelimit()Function 4.8.3 icmp6_reflect() Function
4.9 Node Information Query Implementation 4.9.1 Types and Variables
4.9.2 ping6 Command: Send Queries 4.9.3 ping6 Command: Receive Replies
4.9.4 ping6 Command: Print Supported Qtypes 4.9.5 ping6 Command: Print
Node Addresses 4.9.6 Query Processing: ni6_input() Function 4.9.7 Node
Name Manipulation 4.9.8 Create Node Addresses Reply:
ni6_store_addrs()Function 4.10 NodeInformation Operation 5
Neighbor Discovery and Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 5.1
Introduction 5.2 Neighbor Discovery Protocol Overview 5.3 Stateless
Address Autoconfiguration Overview 5.4 ND Protocol Messages 5.5
Example Exchanges of ND Protocol Messages 5.6 ND Protocol Packet Types and
Formats 5.6.1 Router Solicitation Message 5.6.2 Router Advertisement
Message 5.6.3 Neighbor Solicitation Message 5.6.4 Neighbor
Advertisement Message 5.6.5 Redirect Message 5.7 Neighbor Discovery
Option Types and Formats 5.7.1 Link-Layer Address Options 5.7.2 Prefix
Information Option 5.7.3 Redirected Header Option 5.7.4 MTU Option
5.7.5 Route Information Option 5.8 Next-Hop Determination and Address
Resolution5.9 Neighbor Unreachability Detection Algorithm5.10
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration 5.10.1 Address Formation and Address
States 5.10.2 Duplicate Address Detection Algorithm 5.10.3 Processing
Router Advertisement5.10.4 Privacy Extensions 5.11 Router Specific
Operation 5.11.1 Sending Unsolicited Router Advertisements5.11.2
Processing Router Solicitations5.11.3 Processing Router Advertisements
5.12 Host Specific Operations5.12.1 Sending Router Solicitations
5.12.2 Processing Router Advertisements5.12.3 Default Router
Selection5.13 Code Introduction 5.13.1 ND Message
Definitions5.13.2 Neighbor Cache—llinfo_nd6{} Structure5.13.3
Operational Variables—nd_ifinfo{} Structure5.13.4 Default
Router—nd_defrouter{} Structure5.13.5 Prefix—nd_prefix{}
Structure5.13.6 Prefix Control—nd_prefixctl{} Structure5.13.7 ND
Message Options—nd_opts{} Structure5.13.8 DAD Queue Entry—dadq{}
Structure5.13.9 IPv6 Address—in6_ifaddr{} Structure5.13.10 Destination
Cache5.13.11 Operation Constants5.14 Initialization
Functions5.14.1 nd6_init() Function 5.14.2 nd6_ifattach() Function
5.15 Neighbor Cache Management Functions 5.15.1 nd6_rtrequest()
Function 5.15.2 nd6_cache_lladdr() Function 5.15.3 nd6_lookup()
Function 5.15.4 nd6_free() Function 5.15.5 nd6_timer() Function
5.16 ND Protocol Messages Processing Functions 5.16.1 nd6_ns_output()
Function 5.16.2 nd6_ns_input() Function 5.16.3 nd6_na_input() Function
5.16.4 nd6_na_output() Function 5.16.5 nd6_rs_input() Function
5.16.6 nd6_ra_input() Function 5.16.7 icmp6_redirect_input() Function
5.16.8 icmp6_redirect_output() Function 5.17 ND Protocol Message
Options Processing Functions5.17.1 nd6_option_init() Function5.17.2
nd6_option() Function5.17.3 nd6_options() Function 5.18 Default Router
Management Functions 5.18.1 defrouter_addreq() Function 5.18.2
defrouter_delreq() Function 5.18.3 defrouter_addifreq() Function
5.18.4 defrouter_delifreq() Function 5.18.5 defrouter_lookup()
Function 5.18.6 defrouter_select() Function 5.18.7 defrtrlist_del()
Function 5.18.8 defrtrlist_update() Function 5.19 Prefix Management
Functions 5.19.1 nd6_prelist_add() Function 5.19.2 prelist_remove()
Function 5.19.3 prelist_update() Function 5.19.4
find_pfxlist_reachable_router() Function5.19.5 Prefix and Address State
about On-link Condition 5.19.6 pfxlist_onlink_check() Function5.19.7
nd6_prefix_onlink() Function5.19.8 nd6_prefix_offlink() Function 5.20
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration Functions5.20.1 in6_ifadd() Function
5.20.2 in6_tmpifadd() Function 5.20.3 regen_tmpaddr() Function
5.21 Duplicate Address Detection Functions 5.21.1 nd6_dad_find()
Function 5.21.2 nd6_dad_starttimer() Function 5.21.3
nd6_dad_stoptimer() Function 5.21.4 nd6_dad_start() Function 5.21.5
nd6_dad_stop() Function 5.21.6 nd6_dad_timer() Function 5.21.7
nd6_dad_duplicated() Function 5.21.8 nd6_dad_ns_output() Function
5.21.9 nd6_dad_ns_input() Function 5.21.10 nd6_dad_na_input() Function
5.22 Miscellaneous Functions 5.22.1 nd6_is_addr_neighbor() Function
5.22.2 nd6_output() Function 5.22.3 rt6_flush() Function 5.22.4
nd6_rtmsg() Function 6 Transport Layer Implications6.1
Introduction 6.2 TCP and UDP over IPv6 6.3 Pseudo Header for IPv6
6.4 Checksum Difference between IPv4 and IPv6 6.5 IPv4-mapped IPv6
Address Usage 6.6 Code Introduction6.6.1 Protocol Control Blocks for
IPv6 6.7 General Operations on PCBs and Sockets 6.7.1 IPv6 PCB
Allocation—in_pcballoc() Function6.7.2 Bind Local Address—in6_pcbbind()
Function 6.7.3 Fix Remote Address—in6_pcbconnect() Function6.7.4
Function in6_pcbladdr() 6.7.5 Search for a PCB
Entry—in6_pcblookup_local()Function 6.7.6 Search for IPv4-mapped
PCB—in_pcblookup_local() Function 6.7.7 Search for a PCB
Entry—in6_pcblookup_hash()Function 6.7.8 Search for IPv4-mapped
PCB—in_pcblookup_hash()Function 6.7.9 Detach an IPv6
PCB—in6_pcbdetach() Function 6.7.10 Control Message
Signaling—in6_pcbnotify()Function 6.7.11 Flush PCB Cached
Route—in6_rtchange()Function6.7.12 Retrieve Peer
Address—in6_setpeeraddr()Function6.7.13 Retrieve Local
Address—in6_setscokaddr()Function 6.8 TCP-over-IPv6 6.8.1
TCP-over-IPv6 Instance of ip6protosw{} 6.8.2 TCP Output 6.8.3
Initializing Headers—tcp_fillheaders() Function 6.8.4 TCP
Input—tcp6_input() and tcp_input()Functions 6.8.5 TCP Control
Input—tcp6_ctlinput() Function 6.8.6 TCP User Requests 6.9
UDP-over-IPv6 6.9.1 UDP-over-IPv6 Instance of ip6protosw{} 6.9.2 UDP
Output—udp6_output() Function 6.9.3 UDP Input—udp6_input() Function
6.9.4 UDP Control Input—udp6_ctlinput() Function 6.9.5 UDP User
Requests Handling 6.10 Raw IPv6 6.10.1 Raw IPv6 Statistics 6.10.2
Raw IPv6 Output—rip6_output() Function 6.10.3 Raw IPv6 Input—rip6_input()
Function 6.10.4 ICMPv6 Input—icmp6_rip6_input() Function 6.10.5 Raw
IPv6 Control Input—rip6_ctlinput()Function6.10.6 Raw IPv6 Control
Output—rip6_ctloutput()Function 6.10.7 Raw IPv6 User Requests Handling
6.11 Summary of Operation with IPv4-mapped IPv6 Addresses 6.12 Viewing
IPv6 Connections with netstat 6.13 Configuring IPv4-mapped IPv6 Address
Support7 Socket API Extensions 7.1 Introduction 7.2 The
Basic Socket API—RFC3493 7.2.1 Basic Definitions 7.2.2 Interface
Identification 7.2.3 IPv4 Communication over AF_INET6 Socket 7.2.4
Address and Name Conversion Functions 7.2.5 Basic Socket Options 7.3
The Advanced Socket API—RFC3542 7.3.1 Advanced Definitions 7.3.2 IPv6
Raw Sockets 7.3.3 Introduction to Ancillary Data 7.3.4 IPv6 Packet
Information 7.3.5 Manipulation of IPv6 Extension Headers 7.3.6 Path
MTU APIs 7.3.7 Socket Extensions for the “r” Commands 7.3.8 Summary
Tables of Socket Options 7.4 Kernel Implementation of IPv6 Socket APIs
7.4.1 Code Introduction 7.4.2 ip6_pktopts{} Structure 7.4.3 IPv6
Socket Option Processing—ip6_ctloutput()Function 7.4.4 Getting Socket
Options—ip6_getpcbopt() Function7.4.5 Setting Socket Options and Ancillary
Data 7.4.6 Cleaning Up—ip6_freepcbopts() Function 7.4.7 IPv6 Multicast
Socket Options 7.4.8 IPv6 Raw Socket
Options—ip6_raw_ctloutput()Function 7.4.9 ICMPv6 Socket
Options—icmp6_ctloutput()Function 7.4.10 Delivering Incoming
Information—ip6_savecontrol()Function 7.5 Socket Options and Ancillary
Data Examples7.5.1 Example of the Send Path7.5.2 Example of the
Receive Path 7.6 Implementation of Library Functions—libinet6 7.6.1
inet_pton() and inet_pton6() Functions 7.6.2 inet_ntop() and inet_ntop6()
Functions 7.6.3 getaddrinfo() Function 7.6.4 Address Ordering Examples
7.6.5 freeaddrinfo() Function 7.6.6 gai_strerror() Function 7.6.7
getnameinfo() Function 7.6.8 Other Library Functions References