Designing with Blends: Conceptual Foundations of Human-Computer Interaction and Software Engineering

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Designing with Blends: Conceptual Foundations of Human-Computer Interaction and Software Engineering

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Description

The evolution
of the concept of mind in cognitive science over the past 25 years creates new
ways to think about the interaction of people and computers. New ideas about
embodiment, metaphor as a fundamental cognitive process, and conceptual
integration--a blending of older concepts that gives rise to new, emergent
properties--have become increasingly important in software engineering (SE)
and human-computer interaction (HCI). If once computing was based on
algorithms, mathematical theories, and formal notations, now the use of
stories, metaphors, and blends can contribute to well-informed, sensitive
software design. In Designing with Blends, Manuel Imaz and David Benyon
show how these new metaphors and concepts of mind allow us to discover new
aspects of HCI-SE.After 60 years, digital technology has come of age,
but software design has not kept pace with technological sophistication;
people struggle to understand and use their computers, cameras, phones, and
other devices. Imaz and Benyon argue that the dominance of digital media in
our lives demands changes in HCI-SE based on advances in cognitive science.
The idea of embodied cognition, they contend, can change the way we approach
design by emphasizing the figurative nature of interaction. Imaz and Benyon
offer both theoretical grounding and practical examples that illustrate the
advantages of applying cognitive concepts to software design. A new view of
cognition, they argue, will develop a cognitive literacy in software and
interaction design that helps designers understand the opportunities of
digital technology and provides people with a more satisfying interactive
experience.Manuel Imaz is an independent consultant and has a Ph.D.
from the School of Computing at Napier University, Edinburgh.David
Benyon is Professor of Human-Computer Systems at Napier University.

 
Table of
Contents

 Preface ix
  Acknowledgments xiii  1 | Growing Up in the
Digital Age 1   Things Digital 2
  The Felt Sense of Thinking 5   A Short
History of Cognition 7   Concepts of Software 10
  Human-Computer Interaction 13   Framing
the Problem 15  2 | Cognition and the Body 19
  Cognitive Models 21   Concepts and
Categories 26   Image Schemata 30
  Embodied Cognition 35  3 | Metaphors and
Blends 37   Metaphor 37   Mental Spaces 40
  Blends 43   Metaphor or Blend? 48
  The Desktop Metaphor 50   Metaphors and
Figurative Language 54  4 | Blends in Human-Computer Interaction
and Software Engineering 57   Types of Integration Networks
57   Figurative Language in SE 61
  Figurative Language in HCI 66   SE
Examples of Blends 70  5 | Software Engineering 77
  Concepts and Notations 77
  Entity-Relationship Models 82
  State-Transition Diagrams 85   The
Top-Down Method 86   Data-Flow Diagrams 88
  The OO Paradigm 90   A Basic Ontology
for SE 98  6 | Human-Computer Interaction 103
  Principles of Blends 106   Actions in
HCI 114   Tasks in HCI 120   Goals and
Personae 123   Future Interactions 130  7 |
Understanding Requirements 135   Perspectives on
Requirements 135   Requirements in SE 144
  Scenarios 152   Use Cases 162
  Patterns 167  8 | Designing with Blends 171
  Metaphor and Design 171   Analysis 173
  Design 179   Designing a Home
Information Center 183   Conclusions 191  9 |
Reflections 193   Emerging Views on HCI 194
  Personal Spaces 198   Fluency in
Conceptual Integration 201   Critical Perspectives 204
  Summary 206   References 209
  Index 219