問題描述
在命令行（終端）上使用 R 腳本的最佳方式是什麼？ (What's the best way to use R scripts on the command line (terminal)?)
It's very convenient to have R scripts for doing simple plots from the command line. However, running R from bash scripts is not convenient at all. The ideal might be something like
#!/path/to/R
...
or
#!/usr/bin/env R
...
but I haven't been able to make either of those work.
Another option is keeping the scripts purely in R, e.g. script.R, and invoking it with R ‑‑file=script.R or similar. However, occasionally a script will rely on obscure command line switches at which point part of the code exists outside the script. Example: sneaking things into R from bash via a local .Rprofile, the desired switches are then everything ‑‑vanilla implies except ‑‑no‑init‑file.
Another option is a bash script to store the R flags and be painlessly executable, which then calls the R script. The problem is that this means a single program just got split into two files which now have to be keep in sync, transferred to new machines together, etc.
The option I currently despise least is embedding the R in a bash script:
#!/bin/bash
... # usage message to catch bad input without invoking R
... # any bash pre‑processing of input
... # etc
R ‑‑random‑flags <<RSCRIPT
# R code goes here
RSCRIPT
Everything's in a single file. It's executable and easily handles arguments. The problem is that combining bash and R like this pretty much eliminates the possibility of any IDE not failing on one or the other, and makes my heart hurt real bad.
Is there some better way I'm missing?
‑‑‑‑‑
參考解法
方法 1:
Content of script.r:
<pre class="lang‑r prettyprint‑override">#!/usr/bin/env Rscript
args = commandArgs(trailingOnly = TRUE)
message(sprintf("Hello %s", args[1L]))
</code></pre>
The first line is the shebang line. It’s best practice to use /usr/bin/env Rscript instead of hard‑coding the path to your R installation. Otherwise you risk your script breaking on other computers.
Next, make it executable (on the command line):
<pre class="lang‑sh prettyprint‑override">chmod +x script.r </pre>
Invocation from command line:
<pre class="lang‑sh prettyprint‑override">./script.r world
Hello world
</code></pre>
方法 2:
Try littler. littler provides hash‑bang (i.e. script starting with #!/some/path) capability for GNU R, as well as simple command‑line and piping use.
方法 3:
Miguel Sanchez's response is the way it should be. The other way executing Rscript could be 'env' command to run the system wide RScript.
#!/usr/bin/env Rscript
方法 4:
#!/path/to/R won't work because R is itself a script, so execve is unhappy.
I use R ‑‑slave ‑f script
方法 5:
If you are interested in parsing command line arguments to an R script try RScript which is bundled with R as of version 2.5.x
http://stat.ethz.ch/R‑manual/R‑patched/library/utils/html/Rscript.html
(by blahdiblah、Miguel Sanchez、Jouni K. Seppänen、The_Cute_Hedgehog、Gary Capell、phatrick)
參考文件