問題描述
在 Linux 上通過 Python 腳本截取屏幕截圖 (Take a screenshot via a Python script on Linux)
我想通過 python 腳本截屏並不顯眼地保存它。
我只對 Linux 解決方案感興趣，應該支持任何基於 X 的環境。
參考解法
方法 1:
This works without having to use scrot or ImageMagick.
import gtk.gdk
w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window()
sz = w.get_size()
print "The size of the window is %d x %d" % sz
pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False,8,sz[0],sz[1])
pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w,w.get_colormap(),0,0,0,0,sz[0],sz[1])
if (pb != None):
pb.save("screenshot.png","png")
print "Screenshot saved to screenshot.png."
else:
print "Unable to get the screenshot."
Borrowed from http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=2681009&postcount=5
方法 2:
Just for completeness: Xlib ‑ But it's somewhat slow when capturing the whole screen:
from Xlib import display, X
import Image #PIL
W,H = 200,200
dsp = display.Display()
try:
root = dsp.screen().root
raw = root.get_image(0, 0, W,H, X.ZPixmap, 0xffffffff)
image = Image.fromstring("RGB", (W, H), raw.data, "raw", "BGRX")
image.show()
finally:
dsp.close()
One could try to trow some types in the bottleneck‑files in PyXlib, and then compile it using Cython. That could increase the speed a bit.
Edit: We can write the core of the function in C, and then use it in python from ctypes, here is something I hacked together:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <X11/X.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
//Compile hint: gcc ‑shared ‑O3 ‑lX11 ‑fPIC ‑Wl,‑soname,prtscn ‑o prtscn.so prtscn.c
void getScreen(const int, const int, const int, const int, unsigned char *);
void getScreen(const int xx,const int yy,const int W, const int H, /*out*/ unsigned char * data)
{
Display *display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
Window root = DefaultRootWindow(display);
XImage *image = XGetImage(display,root, xx,yy, W,H, AllPlanes, ZPixmap);
unsigned long red_mask = image‑>red_mask;
unsigned long green_mask = image‑>green_mask;
unsigned long blue_mask = image‑>blue_mask;
int x, y;
int ii = 0;
for (y = 0; y < H; y++) {
for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
unsigned long pixel = XGetPixel(image,x,y);
unsigned char blue = (pixel & blue_mask);
unsigned char green = (pixel & green_mask) >> 8;
unsigned char red = (pixel & red_mask) >> 16;
data[ii + 2] = blue;
data[ii + 1] = green;
data[ii + 0] = red;
ii += 3;
}
}
XDestroyImage(image);
XDestroyWindow(display, root);
XCloseDisplay(display);
}
And then the python‑file:
import ctypes
import os
from PIL import Image
LibName = 'prtscn.so'
AbsLibPath = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + os.path.sep + LibName
grab = ctypes.CDLL(AbsLibPath)
def grab_screen(x1,y1,x2,y2):
w, h = x2‑x1, y2‑y1
size = w * h
objlength = size * 3
grab.getScreen.argtypes = []
result = (ctypes.c_ubyte*objlength)()
grab.getScreen(x1,y1, w, h, result)
return Image.frombuffer('RGB', (w, h), result, 'raw', 'RGB', 0, 1)
if __name__ == '__main__':
im = grab_screen(0,0,1440,900)
im.show()
方法 3:
Compile all answers in one class. Outputs PIL image.
#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf‑8
"""
screengrab.py
Created by Alex Snet on 2011‑10‑10.
Copyright (c) 2011 CodeTeam. All rights reserved.
"""
import sys
import os
import Image
class screengrab:
def __init__(self):
try:
import gtk
except ImportError:
pass
else:
self.screen = self.getScreenByGtk
try:
import PyQt4
except ImportError:
pass
else:
self.screen = self.getScreenByQt
try:
import wx
except ImportError:
pass
else:
self.screen = self.getScreenByWx
try:
import ImageGrab
except ImportError:
pass
else:
self.screen = self.getScreenByPIL
def getScreenByGtk(self):
import gtk.gdk
w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window()
sz = w.get_size()
pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False,8,sz[0],sz[1])
pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w,w.get_colormap(),0,0,0,0,sz[0],sz[1])
if pb is None:
return False
else:
width,height = pb.get_width(),pb.get_height()
return Image.fromstring("RGB",(width,height),pb.get_pixels() )
def getScreenByQt(self):
from PyQt4.QtGui import QPixmap, QApplication
from PyQt4.Qt import QBuffer, QIODevice
import StringIO
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
buffer = QBuffer()
buffer.open(QIODevice.ReadWrite)
QPixmap.grabWindow(QApplication.desktop().winId()).save(buffer, 'png')
strio = StringIO.StringIO()
strio.write(buffer.data())
buffer.close()
del app
strio.seek(0)
return Image.open(strio)
def getScreenByPIL(self):
import ImageGrab
img = ImageGrab.grab()
return img
def getScreenByWx(self):
import wx
wx.App() # Need to create an App instance before doing anything
screen = wx.ScreenDC()
size = screen.GetSize()
bmp = wx.EmptyBitmap(size[0], size[1])
mem = wx.MemoryDC(bmp)
mem.Blit(0, 0, size[0], size[1], screen, 0, 0)
del mem # Release bitmap
#bmp.SaveFile('screenshot.png', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG)
myWxImage = wx.ImageFromBitmap( myBitmap )
PilImage = Image.new( 'RGB', (myWxImage.GetWidth(), myWxImage.GetHeight()) )
PilImage.fromstring( myWxImage.GetData() )
return PilImage
if __name__ == '__main__':
s = screengrab()
screen = s.screen()
screen.show()
方法 4:
This one works on X11, and perhaps on Windows too (someone, please check). Needs PyQt4:
import sys
from PyQt4.QtGui import QPixmap, QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
QPixmap.grabWindow(QApplication.desktop().winId()).save('test.png', 'png')
方法 5:
I have a wrapper project (pyscreenshot) for scrot, imagemagick, pyqt, wx and pygtk. If you have one of them, you can use it. All solutions are included from this discussion.
Install:
easy_install pyscreenshot
Example:
import pyscreenshot as ImageGrab
# fullscreen
im=ImageGrab.grab()
im.show()
# part of the screen
im=ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(10,10,500,500))
im.show()
# to file
ImageGrab.grab_to_file('im.png')
(by skyronic、Rusty、JHolta、Alex Raeder、Juliano、ponty)